German Vocabulary Related to Cars and Driving in German Europe

Because cars and car culture are so significant in Germany, no German vocab lesson would be complete without understanding car parts. A German language beginner will be well equipped to talk shop after reviewing these terms. Words are accompanied by parts of speech (adj, adv, n, and v for adjective, adverb, noun, and verb, respectively), suffixes that pluralize (-e, -n, -en, -er, se, and -s), and UK for U.K. terminology not used in the U.S. As with many languages outside of English, noun genders are extremely important. Thus, nouns are further listed with r  (for der, the masculine article),  e  (for die, the feminine),  or s  (for das, what we call neuter, for neither masculine or feminine). English/German Car and Driver Phrases and Vocabulary A anti-lock brake system, ABS (n):  s Antiblockiersystem  (ABS) accelerate  (v):  beschleunigen,  Gas geben acceleration (n):  e Beschleunigung to have good/bad acceleration (v):  eine gute/schlechte Beschleunigung haben accelerator (n):  s Gaspedal,  s Gas accident (n):  r Unfall, Unfà ¤lle adjustable (adj):  verstellbar electrically adjustable seats (n):  elektrisch verstellbare Sitze airbag (n):  r Airbag(-s) side airbags (n): e Seitenairbags air brake (n):  e Luftdruckbremse(-n) air cleaner/filter (n):  r Luftfilter air conditioned (adj):  klimatisiert air conditioning (system) (n):  e Klimaanlage,  e Aircondition  (no -ed or -ing!)air conditioning (cooling) (n):  e Klimatisierung alarm system (n):  e  (Auto)Alarmanlage,  e Diebstahlwarnanlage all-wheel drive (n):  r Allradantrieb alternator (n):  e Lichtmaschine(-n) aluminum wheel/rim (n):  e Alufelge(-n) antifreeze (n):  r Frostschutz,  s Frostschutzmittel armrest (n):  e Armlehne(-n) ashtray (n):  r Aschenbecher auto, car (n):  s Auto(-s),  r Wagen automobile (n):  r Kraftwagenvehicle (n):  s Kraftfahrzeug  (Kfz)passenger car (n):  Personenkraftwagen (Pkw, pay-kaw-vay)truck (n):  Lastkraftwagen (Lkw) autobahn, freeway (n):  e Autobahn(-en) autobahn police, highway patrol (n):  e Autobahnpolizei automatic transmission (n):  s Automatengetriebe,  s Automatikgetriebe manual transmission (n):  s Schaltgetriebe avenue (n): e Allee(-n), e Chaussee axle (n):  e Achse(-n) to be on the road:  auf Achse sein  (car, truck)front axle (n):  e Vorderachse(-n)rear axle (n):  e Hinterachse(-n) B backrest (n):  e Rà ¼ckenstà ¼tze(-n) back-up light (n):  r Rà ¼ckfahrscheinwerfer back seat (n):  r Rà ¼cksitz(-e) battery (n):  e Batterie the batterys dead (n):  die Batterie ist leer belt  (mechanical) (n):  r Riemen fan belt (n):  r Keilriemen belt  safety (n):  r Gurt(-e) seat belt (n):  r Sicherheitsgurt beverage/cup holder (n):  r Becherhalter,  r Getrà ¤nkehalter,  r Cupholder blinker (n):  s Blinklicht(-er) warning blinker/flasher (n):  s Warnblinklicht body, bodywork (n):  e Karosserie(-en) bonnet (UK), hood (n):  e Haube(-n) boulevard (n): e Allee(-n), e Chaussee brake (n):  e Bremse(-n) brake fluid (n):  e Bremsflà ¼ssigkeitbrake light (n):  s Bremslicht(-er)brake lining (n):  r Bremsbelag(-e)brake pad (n):  r Bremsklotz(-klà ¶tzer)braking distance (n):  r Bremsweg(-e) brake (v): bremsen to slam on the brakes  (v):  auf die Klà ¶tzer treten Breathalyzer, drunkometer (n):  r Promillemesser bucket seat (n):  r Schalensitz(-e) bumper (n):  e Stoßstange(-n) bus, coach (n):  r Bus(-se) button, knob (n):  r Knopf (plural: Knà ¶pfe) C car, auto (n):  s Auto,  r Wagen car rental/hire, auto rental agency (n):  r Autoverleihrental/hire car (n):  r Mietwagen,  r Leihwagen car alarm (n):  e Autoalarmanlage car crash (n):  r Autounfall car key, ignition key (n):  r Autoschlà ¼ssel car radio (n):  s Autoradio carburetor (n):  r Vergaser cassette player (n):  r Kassettenspieler CD player (n):  r CD-Spieler catalytic converter (n):  r Katalysator central locking (n):  e Zentralverriegelung chassis (n):  s Chassis,  s Fahrgestell child seat, childrens seat (n):  r Kindersitz(-e) chime (for door, lights) (n):  s Gelà ¤ut(-e) cigarette lighter (in car) (n):  r Zigarettenanzà ¼nder clock (n):  e Uhr(-en) clutch (n):  e Kupplung  (-en) clutch pedal (n):  s Kupplungspedallet in the clutch  (v): einkuppelnlet out the clutch  (v): auskuppeln collide, crash  (v)  einen Unfall haben,  zusammenstoßen  (two cars) collision, crash (n):  r Unfall,  r Zusammenstoß(-stà ¶ÃƒÅ¸e)rear-end collision (n):  r Auffahrunfallcollision, crash (into an object) (n):  r Aufprallcollision, crash (of several cars), pile-up (n):  e Karambolage console (n):  e Konsole(-n) controls (on dashboard, console, etc.) (n):  e Schalter convertible (n):  s Kabrio,  s Kabriolett coolant, cooling fluid (n):  s Kà ¼hlmittel crash, accident (n):  r Unfall,  r Zusammenstoß(-stà ¶ÃƒÅ¸e) crash (v):  einen Unfall haben cruise control (n):  r Tempomat cup holder (n):  r Becherhalter,  r Cupholder D dashboard (n):  s Armaturenbrett defroster (n):  r Entfroster dent (n):  e Beule(-n),  e Delle(-n) diesel engine/motor (n):  r Dieselmotor diesel fuel (n):  s Dieselà ¶l differential (n):  s Differenzial dim headlights, low beams (n):  s Abblendlicht drive with dimmed headlights (v):  mit Abblendlicht fahrendim (switch to low beams)  (v):  abblenden dimmer switch (n):  r Abblendschalter dipstick (n):  r Ãâ€"lmessstab(-stà ¤be) directional signal (n):  r Blinker disc brake (n):  e Scheibenbremse(-n) door (n):  e Tà ¼r(-en) door handle (n):  r Tà ¼rgriff(-e) door lock(s) (n):  e Tà ¼rverriegelung automatic door locks (n):  automatische Tà ¼rverriegelungremote-control locks (n):  funkgesteuerte Tà ¼rverriegelung drive (n):  e Autofahrt,  e Fahrt, r Weg go for a drive (v):  fahren,  ein bisschen rausfahren drive (v):  fahren drive around (v):  herumfahren driver (n):  r Fahrer drivers license, driving licence  (UK) (n):  r Fà ¼hrerschein(-e) driveway (n):  e Einfahrt, e Ausfahrt Dont block driveway!: Einfahrt freihalten! driving school (n):  e Fahrschule(-n) drunk driving, DUI/DWI (n):  e Trunkenheit am Steuer drunkometer, Breathalyzer (n):  r Promillemesser E electric windows:  elektrische Fensterheber engine (n):  r Motor(-en) diesel engine/motor (n):  r Dieselmotor emergency (n):  r Notfall(-fà ¤lle) emergency brake (n):  e Handbremse,  e Notbremseemergency flasher (n):  s Warnblinklichtemergency number (n):  r Notruf,  e Notrufnummer: 110 for police; 112 for fireemergency road sign (n):  s Warndreieck: (German drivers carry a triangular warning sign in their vehicle in case of emergencies)emergency roadside telephone (n):  s Notruftelefon,  e Notrufsà ¤ule emission control system (n):  e Abgasreinigungsanlage emissions, exhaust (n):  e Abgase exhaust (n):  r Auspuff exhaust manifold (n):  r Auspuffkrà ¼mmerexhaust muffler (n):  r Auspufftopfexhaust pipe (n):  s Auspuffrohr excursion, side-trip (n):  r Abstecher,  r Ausflug to take an excursion (v):  einen Ausflug machen F fan (n):  r Ventilator(-en) fan belt (n):  r Keilriemen fender (n):  r Kotflà ¼gel fender-bender (n):  kleiner Blechschaden filler cap, gas cap (n):  r Tankdeckel filling station, gas station (n):  e Tankstelle(-n) first aid kit (n):  r Verbandskasten(-kà ¤sten) flasher, hazard warning light (n):  e Lichthupe(-n),  s Warnblinklicht(-er) hazard warning lights (n):  e Warnblinkanlage(-n) floor mat (n):  e Fußmatte(-n) folding  (adj):  klappbar folding cup holder (n):  klappbarer Becherhalter fluid (brake, washer, etc.) (n):  e Flà ¼ssigkeit(-en) fog light (n):  r Nebelscheinwerfer rear fog light (n):  e Nebelschlussleuchte(-n) four-wheel drive (n):  r Vierradantrieb four-stroke engine (n):  r Viertaktmotor(-en) freeway, autobahn (n):  e Autobahn(-en) front door (n):  e Vordertà ¼r(-en) rear door (n):  e Hintertà ¼r front seat (n):  r Vordersitz(-e) front-wheel drive (n):  r Vorderradantrieb fuel (n):  r Kraftstoff,  r Treibstoff,  r Sprit,  s Benzin fuel (v):  tanken,  auftanken,  Treibstoff aufnehmen fuel economy (n):  geringer Kraftstoffverbrauch fuel gauge, gas gauge (n):  e Benzinuhr,  e Tankuhr fuel injection (n):  e Einspritzung fuel injection engine (n):  r Einspritzmotor fuel tank, gas tank (n):  r Tank fuse (n):  e Sicherung(-en) fuse box (n):  r Sicherungskasten(-kà ¤sten) G garage (house) (n):  e Garage(-n) in the garage: in der Garage garage (repairs) (n):  e Werkstatt(-n) in the garage: bei der Reparatur,  in der Werkstatt garage door (n):  s Garagentor(-e) garage door opener (n):  r Garagentorà ¶ffner gasoline, petrol (n):  s Benzin unleaded gas (n):  bleifreies Benzin gas cap (n):  r Tankdeckel gas cap cover (n):  e Tankklappe(-n)gas station (n):  e Tankstelle(-n)gas tank (n):  r Tank(-s) gauge (indicator) (n):  r Anzeiger,  e Uhr gas gauge (n):  e Benzinuhroil pressure gauge (n):  r Ãâ€"ldruckanzeigertemperature gauge (n):  r Temperaturanzeiger,  r Fernthermometer gear (n):  r Gang  (Gà ¤nge) first/second gear (n):  erster/zweiter Gangneutral gear (n):  r Leerlaufput in gear (v):  einen Gang einlegenput in third gear (v):  den dritten Gang einlegenswitch gears (v):  schaltenswitch into second gear (v):  in den zweiten Gang schalten gearbox (n):  s Getriebe gear shift lever, gear stick (console, floor) (n):  r Schalthebel gear shift lever (steering wheel) (n):  r Schaltknà ¼ppel generator (n):  r Dynamo,  r Generator,  e Lichtmaschine glove box/compartment (n):  s Handschuhfach glycol (n):  s Glykol grill (radiator) (n):  r Kà ¼hlergrill H halogen light (n):  e Halogenlampe(-n) hazard warning lights (n):  e Warnblinkanlage(-n) headlight (n):  r Scheinwerfer head restraint, headrest (n):  e Kopfstà ¼tze(-en) headroom (n):  r Kopfraum heater, heating (n):  e Heizung,  s Heizgerà ¤t high beam (n):  s Fernlicht highway (n):  e Fernstraße(-n),  e Bundesstraße(-n) federal highway (n):  e Bundesstraßehighway (fuel mileage) (adv):  außerortscity (fuel mileage) (adv):  innerortshighway patrol (n):  e Autobahnpolizei,  e Polizei hitch-hike, hitch a ride (n):  per Anhalter fahren, trampen hitch-hiker (n):  r Anhalter,  e Anhalterin(-en)hitch-hiking (n):  s Trampen hood (convertible top) (n):  s Verdeck drive with hood/top down (v):  mit offenem Verdeck fahren hood, bonnet (engine) (n):  e Haube(-n),  e Motorhaube(-n) hood ornament (n):  e Kà ¼hlerfigur(-en) hood release (n):  r Haubenentriegeler,  r Motorhaubenentriegeler horn (n):  e Hupe(-n) blow/sound the horn (v):  hupen, auf die Hupe drà ¼cken horsepower, hp (n):  e Pferdestà ¤rke  (PS) a 190 hp engine (n):  ein Motor mit 190 PS hub (wheel) (n):  e Radnabe(-n) hub cap (n):  e Radkappe(-n) hydroplaning (n):  s Aquaplaning,  s Hydroplaning I idle (neutral gear) (n):  r Leerlauf idle (v):  leer laufen,  im Leerlauf laufen ignition (n):  e Zà ¼ndung ignition key (n):  r Zà ¼ndschlà ¼sselignition lock (n):  s Zà ¼ndschlossignition system (n):  e Zà ¼ndanlage insurance (n):  e Versicherung auto/car insurance (n):  e Autoversicherung,  e Kraftfahrzeugversicherung internal combustion engine (n):  r Verbrennungsmotor(-en) interior (n):  r Innenraum interior light (n):  s Innenlicht J jack (n):  r Wagenheber jack (up) (v):  aufbocken jack-knife (n):  s Querstellen des Anhà ¤ngers the truck jack-knifed (v):  der Anhà ¤nger des Lastwagens stellte sich quer jalopy (n):  e Klapperkiste(-n) joyride (n):  e Spritztour jumper cable, jump leads (UK) (n):  s Starthilfekabel junk heap, junker (n):  r Schrotthaufen,  s Schrottauto(-s) junkyard (n):  r Schrottplatz(-plà ¤tze) K key (n):  r Schlà ¼ssel,  r Autoschlà ¼ssel kilometer (n):  r kilometer kilowatt (kW) (n):  s Kilowatt (in place of horsepower) knob, button (n):  r Knopf  (Knà ¶pfe) knock (engine) (v):  klopfen mph (n):  km/h L lamp (n):  e Lampe(-n),  s Licht(-er) lane (n):  e Spur(-en), e Gasse, e Straße(-n), r Weg get in the correct lane (v):  einordnenin the left/right lane (adj):  in/auf der linken/rechten Spur lane marking/stripe (n):  e Spurmarkierung(-en) lap (auto racing) (n):  e Etappe(-n),  e Runde(-n) lap belt (n):  r Schoßgurt(-e) L-driver (UK), learner driver (n):  r Fahrschà ¼ler,  e Fahrschà ¼lerin(-nen) lead-free, unleaded (adj):  bleifrei,  unverbleit unleaded gas/petrol (adj):  bleifreies Benzin leather (n):  s Leder leather interior (n):  e Lederausstattungleather seats (n):  Ledersitze leatherette (n):  s Kunstleder lease (v):  leasen,  mieten leg room (n):  e Beinfreiheit,  r Fußraum lemon (defective car) (n):  ein defektes/schlechtes Auto license (driver) (n):  r Fà ¼hrerschein(-e) license number (n):  s Kfz-Kennzeichen license plate (n):  s Nummernschild(-er) light (n):  s Licht(-er) light switch (n):  r Lichtschalter lighting (n):  e Beleuchtung limousine (n):  e Limousine lock (n):  s Schloss door lock (n):  s Tà ¼rschlosscentral/automatic locking (n):  e Zentralverriegelungignition lock (n):  s Zà ¼ndschlosslocking steering wheel (n):  e Wegfahrsperrelocking system (n):  e Verriegelung lock (v):  abschließen,  verriegeln,  zuschließen lock the steering wheel (n):  s Lenkrad sperren/arretieren unlock (v):  aufschließen lube, lubricate (v):  schmieren,  Ãƒ ¶len lubricant (n):  s Schmierà ¶l lubrication (n):  s Schmieren lug, bolt (n):  r Bolzen lug nut (n):  e Bolzenmutter(-n) lug wrench (n):  r Bolzenschlà ¼ssel luggage compartment (n):  r Kofferraum luggage net (n):  s Gepà ¤cknetzluggage rack (n):  r Gepà ¤cktrà ¤ger luxury car (n):  s Luxusauto(-s) M magneto (n):  r Magnetzà ¼nder maintenance (n):  e Wartung manifold (exhaust) (n):  s Auspuffrohr manifold (intake) (n):  s Ansaugrohr manual transmission (n):  s Schaltgetriebe mechanic (n):  r Mechaniker auto/car mechanic (n):  r Automechaniker methanol (n):  s Methanol miles per gallon:  Liter auf 100 km gallon (n):  e Gallonemile (n):  r 1.61 kilometermile (n):  e Meile(-n)mileage (n):  r Benzinverbrauch,  r Kraftstoffverbrauchmiles per gallon:  Meilen pro Gallone mirror (n):  r Spiegel(-n) rear-view mirror (n):  r Rà ¼ckspiegelside/wing mirror (n):  r Außenspiegel motor (n):  r Motor(-en) motor, drive (v):  mit dem Auto fahren motorist (n):  r Autofahrer,  e Autofahrerin(-nen) motorway (UK), freeway (n):  e Autobahn(-en) motel (n):  s Motel(-s) mud flap/guard (n):  r Schmutzfà ¤nger muffler (n):  r Auspufftopf N neutral gear (n):  r Leerlauf nut (on bolt) (n):  e Mutter(-n) O octane (n):  s Oktan high-octane gas/fuel (n):  Benzin/Kraftstoff mit hoher Oktanzahl odometer (n):  r Kilometerzà ¤hler speedometer (n):  r Tachometertachometer (revolution counter) (n):  r Drehzahlmesser off-road vehicle (n):  s Gelà ¤ndefahrzeug(-e) oil (n):  s Ãâ€"l oil change (n):  r Ãâ€"lwechseloil level (n):  r Ãâ€"lstandoil level warning (n):  e Ãâ€"lstandswarnungoil pressure (n):  r Ãâ€"ldruck one-way street (n):  e Einbahnstraße(-n) open (adj):  frei open road/highway (n):  freie Fahrtopen to traffic (n):  Durchfahrt frei output (n):  e Leistung outside mirrors (n):  Außenspiegel overheat (motor) (v):  Ãƒ ¼berhitzen,  heißlaufen overpass (n):  e ÃÅ"berfà ¼hrung oversized/long vehicle (n):  s Lang-Fahrzeug(-e) overtake, pass (v):  Ãƒ ¼berholen owner (n):  r Besitzer ozone (n):  s Ozon P park (v):  parken parking (n):  s Parken,  s Einparkenno parking (n):  r Parkverbotparking for 25 cars:  25 Parkplà ¤tzeplenty of parking:  genug Parkplà ¤tzeparking attendant (n):  r Parkplatzwà ¤chterparking bay (n):  e Parkbuchtparking brake (n):  e Parkbremseparking disk (n):  e Parkscheibe(-n)parking fine (n):  e Geldbuße (fà ¼r Parkvergehen)parking garage, car park (n):  s Parkhaus(-hà ¤user)parking light, sidelight (n):  s Standlicht(-er)parking lot (n):  r Parkplatzparking meter (n):  e Parkuhr(-en)parking space (n):  r Parkplatz(-plà ¤tze),  r Stellplatz  (off-street)parking ticket (n):  r Strafzettel parkway (n):  e Allee(-n) part (n):  r Teil(-e) car parts (n):  Autoteilemoving parts (n):  bewegliche Teilespare parts (n):  Ersatzteile pass, overtake (v):  Ãƒ ¼berholen no passing (n):  r ÃÅ"berholverbot passenger (in car) (n):  r Beifahrer,  r Mitfahrer passenger door (n):  e Beifahrertà ¼r(-en)passenger seat (n):  r Beifahrersitz(-e) passing lane (n):  e ÃÅ"berholspur(-en) pave (v):  betonieren  (concrete),  asphaltieren,  pflastern  (with stones) pavement, paving (n):  r Bodenbelag,  e Straße leave the pavement/road (v):  von der Straße abkommen pedal (n):  s Pedal(-e) put the pedal to the metal (v):  Vollgas geben per gallon:  pro Gallone per hour (n):  pro Stunde 62 mph: 100 km/h piston (n):  r Kolben piston engine (n):  r Kolbenmotor(-en)piston ring (n):  r  Kolbenring(-e)piston rod (n):  e Kolbenstange(-n) power locks (n):  e Zentralverriegelung power brakes (n):  Servobremsenpower mirrors (n):  elektrische Spiegelpower roof (n):  elektrisches Schiebedachpower steering (n):  e Servolenkungpower windows (n):  elektrische Fensterheber pressure (n):  r Druck oil pressure (n):  r Ãâ€"ldrucktire/tyre pressure (n):  r Reifendruck public transportation (n):  Ãƒ ¶ffentlicher Verkehr pump (n):  e Pumpe(-n) fuel pump (n):  e Benzinpumpe puncture, flat tire (n):  e Reifenpanne R radar (n):  s Radar radar detector (n):  r Radardetektor(-en)radar gun (n):  s Radar-Geschwindigkeitsmeßgerà ¤t(-e)radar (speed) trap (n):  e Radarfalle(-n) radial tire (n):  r Gà ¼rtelreifen radiator (n):  r Kà ¼hler radiator cap (n):  r Kà ¼hlerverschlussdeckelradiator fan (n):  r Kà ¼hlerventilatorradiator grill (n):  r Kà ¼hlergrill radio (n):  s Radio(-s) radio-controlled, remote-controlled (adj):  ferngesteuert rear, rear-end (n):  s Heck rear axle (n):  e Hinterachse(-n) front axle (n):  e Vorderachse(-n) rear door (n):  hintere Tà ¼r(-en) rear drive (n):  r Heckantrieb rear-end (n):  s Heck rear-end collision (n):  r Auffahrunfall rear engine (n):  r Heckmotor(-en) rear light, tail light (n):  s Rà ¼cklicht(-er) rear wheel (n):  s Hinterrad(-rà ¤der) rear window (n):  s Heckfenster rear window defogger/defroster (n):  r Heckfenster-Entfroster rear-view mirror (n):  r Rà ¼ckspiegel rear-wheel drive (n):  r Heckantrieb reflector (n):  r Reflektor(-en) remote control (n):  e Fernsteuerung remote control locking key (n):  r Funkschlà ¼ssel reverse (gear) (n):  r Rà ¼ckwà ¤rtsgang(-gà ¤nge) drive in reverse (v):  rà ¼ckwà ¤rts fahrenreversing/back-up lights (n):  Rà ¼ckfahrscheinwerfer right (side) (n):  rechts drive on the right (n):  rechts fahrenleft (n):  linkson the right side (of the road) (n):  auf der rechten Seiteright-hand drive (n):  rechtsgesteuert right of way (n):  e Vorfahrt he has the right of way:  er hat Vorfahrt rim (wheel) (n):  e Felge(-n) aluminum rims (n):  Alufelgen ring (n):  r Ring(-e) piston ring (n):  r Kolbenring(-e) road, lane (n):  e Straße(-n),  e Landstraße(-n) road atlas (n):  e Straßenatlasroadblock (n):  e Straßensperre(-n)road construction (n):  r Straßenbauroad map (n):  e Straßenkarte(-n)road rage (n):  e Aggressività ¤t im Straßenverkehrroadside, shoulder of road (n):  r Straßenrandroadway (n):  e Fahrbahn roof (n):  s Dach  (Dà ¤cher),  s Verdeck roof lining (car) (n):  r Himmel roof rack (n):  r Dachtrà ¤ger running board (n):  s Trittbrett rust proofing/protection (n):  r Rostschutz S safety/seat belt (n):  r Sicherheitsgurt(-e) seat (n):  r Sitz(-e) back seat (n):  r Rà ¼cksitzdrivers seat (n):  r Fahrersitzfront seat (n):  r Vordersitzpassenger seat (n):  r Beifahrersitzseat belts (n):  Sicherheitsgurte service (n):  e Wartung service interval (n):  s Wartungsintervall(-e) shift (gears) (v):  schalten shift lever, gearshift (n):  r Schalthebel signal (traffic) (n):  e Ampel signal (turn) (v):  anzeigen skid (n):  s Schleudern skid (v):  schleudern smog (n):  r Smog smooth-running (adj):  ruhig laufend snow chain (n):  e Schneekette(-n) snow tire (n):  r MS Reifen,  r Winterreifen mud and snow tires (n):  Matsch und Schneereifen (MS)snow shoes (n):  Schneereifen spare part (n):  r Ersatzteil(-e) spare tire (n):  r Ersatzreifen spare wheel,  r Ersatzrad(-rà ¤der) spark plug (n):  e Zà ¼ndkerze(-n) speaker (audio) (n):  e Box(-en),  r Lautsprecher speed (n):  e Geschwindigkeit,  s Tempo speed (v):  flitzen,  rasen,  sausenspeed limit (n):  e Geschwindigkeitsbegrenzung(-en)speed limit (n):  s Tempolimita speed limit of 100 (n):  Tempo 100speed trap (camera, radar)  slang (n):  r Flitzerblitzerspeed trap (radar) (n):  e Radarfalle speeder, speedster (n):  r Flitzer,  r Raser speaker (audio) (n):  e Box(-en),  r Lautsprecher speedometer (n):  r Tachometer tachometer (revolution counter) (n):  r Drehzahlmesser sports car (n):  r Sportwagen spring (n):  e  (Sprung)Feder(-n),  e Federung starter (n):  r Starter,  r Anlasser steering wheel (n):  s Lenkrad,  s Steuerrad at the wheel (n):  am Steuer stick/manual shift (n):  s Schaltgetriebe stock car racing (n):  s Stockcarrennen stop (bus, tram) (n):  e Haltestelle(-n)stop (action) (n):  s Halten,  s Stoppenstop (v):  stoppen,  halten,  stocken  (traffic jam)stop/traffic light (n):  e Ampelstop sign  s Stop-Zeichen,  s Halteschild(-er),  s Stoppschild(-er) street (n):  e Straße(-n) street corner (n):  e Straßenecke(-n)street/road map (n):  e Straßenkarte(-n)street sign (n):  s Straßenschild(-er) styling (n):  s Design,  s Styling stylish (adj):  stilvoll sun visor (n):  e Sonnenblende(-n) sunroof (n):  s Schiebedach(-dà ¤cher) suspension (springs) (n):  e Federung(-en) suspension (wheels) (n):  e Aufhà ¤ngung(-en) T tachograph, trip recorder (n):  r Fahrtenschreiber The EU requires trip recorders, which electronically records truck or bus speeds, driving, and rest times. tachometer (n):  r Drehzahlmesser tailgate (n):  e Hecktà ¼r  (car),  e Ladeklappe  (truck) tailgate (v):  zu dicht auffahren tail lamp, tail light (n):  s Rà ¼cklicht(-er) temperature gauge (n):  r Temperaturmesser thermostat (n):  r Temperaturregler tire (n):  r Reifen toll (bridge, turnpike) (n):  e Maut(-en) toll charge for trucks (n):  e Lkw-Maut(-en) tow (v):  schleppen,  abschleppen traffic (n):  r Verkehr traffic circle (n):  r Kreisverkehrtraffic cop (n):  r Verkehrspolizist  (-en)traffic jam (n):  r Stau(-s),  e Stauungtraffic light, signal (n):  e Ampel(-n)traffic sign (n):  s Verkehrsschild(-er) trailer (n):  r Anhà ¤nger,  r Sattelauflieger  (truck) transmission (n):  s Getriebe(-n) tread (tire) (n):  s Profil,  e Laufflà ¤che truck, lorry (n):  r Lkw(-s),  r Lastwagen big rig, tractor-trailer (n):  r Brummi(-s)truck driver (n):  r Lkw-Fahrer,  r Brummifahrertrucker (n):  r Brummifahrertrucking (n):  e Speditiontruckstop (n):  s Fernfahrerlokal trunk, boot (n):  r Kofferraum tune, tune up (engine) (n):  tunen turnpike (n):  e Mautstraße,  e Mautautobahn turn signal (n):  s Blinklicht(-er) U undercoat (paint) (n):  e Grundierung(-en) undercoating (n):  r Unterbodenschutz unleaded fuel (n):  bleifreier Kraftstoff,  bleifreies Benzin V van (n):  r Transporter vehicle (n):  s Fahrzeug(-e),  s Kraftfahrzeug ventilation (n):  e Belà ¼ftung,  e Ventilation voltage (n):  e Spannung What is the voltage of...?  Wieviel Volt hat...? voltmeter (n):  s Voltmeter visor (n):  e Blende(-n) W warning light (n):  s Warnlicht(-er) water pump (n):  e Wasserpumpe(-n) wheel (n):  s Rad  (Rà ¤der) window (n):  s Fenster windshield, windscreen (n):  e Windschutzscheibe(-n) windshield washer (n):  e Scheibenwaschanlage(-n) windshield wiper (n):  r Scheibenwischer winter tire (n):  r Winterreifen wiper (n):  r Wischer wiper blade (n):  s Wischerblatt(-blà ¤tter),  r Wischergummi(-s) wiper speed (n):  e Wischergeschwindigkeit wiring (n):  elektrische Leitungen XYZ zenon light (n):  s Xenonlicht(-er) zero:  null from zero to sixty mph:  von null auf 100  km/h

Slavery And The American Civil War - 1626 Words

The United States, which is now perceived as a free country, began as a slave society. Slavery or the legal or economic system under which people are treated as property sprouted in the 1600s when African Americans were brought to Jamestown, Virginia to aid in the production of tobacco. Because we have studied multiple cases dealing with slavery, I was interested in unearthing whether there is a lingering effect today. Slavery was the terrible price that Africans paid to come to America. Europeans turned to African Americans as a cheaper, more plentiful labor source than indentured servants. Slavery was spread through the American colonies, and an estimated 6 to 7 million slaves were imported to the New World during the 18th century alone. America’s westward expansion, along with a growing abolition movement in the North, would provoke a great debate over slavery that would tear the nation apart in the bloody American Civil War (1861-65). Though the Union victory freed the na tion’s 4 million slaves, the legacy of slavery continued to influence American history, from the tumultuous years of Reconstruction (1865-77) to the civil right movement that emerged in the 1960s, a century after emancipation. In my research paper, I will focus on how I believe slavery affected not only African Americans living in that period, but how it has an immense effect on us Americans today. I believe our life today would have been totally different had slavery never occurred, especially forShow MoreRelatedSlavery And The American Civil War948 Words   |  4 Pages Slavery and the American Civil War By Adam Overman History 101 Professor Brett F. Woods June 14th, 2015 The American Civil War is also referred to as the war between the Northern and Southern States or the Rebellion War that began in 1861. Slavery was regarded as the main cause leading to the start of the war, as a high level of discrimination against the African Americans existed upon their arrival in the United States. The African Americans were either sold and traded by the eldersRead MoreSlavery And The American Civil War1125 Words   |  5 PagesSanjani Prodduturu Slavery and Civil War Throughout history, it has been commonly misconceived that slavery and the abolishment of slavery has been the sole cause of the American Civil War. Whereas the institution of slavery has been a major cause of the war, the differences in ideologies and beliefs between the North and the South also play a role in the origins of the Civil War. The origins of the Civil War can also be attributed to the political, economical, social, and cultural differences betweenRead MoreSlavery And The American Civil War3525 Words   |  15 Pagescauses (1800s-1850s) of the American Civil War was Manifest Destiny and the United States acquiring of new territory. As of 1846 the United States had determined the status of slavery in all parts of the U.S. through either state law or the Louisiana Purchase (pg. 378). When the U.S. went to Mexico and gained all new territory, it reopened the controversy over the expansion of slavery. Solutions arose, like the Wilmot Proviso and Free Soil Appeal, which both prohibited slavery in the new territories acquiredRead MoreSlavery And The American Civil War2377 Words   |  10 PagesSlavery has been a part of the United States since the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, to aid in the production of crops (Slavery in America, 2014, p. 1). Slavery was practiced throughout the American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries, and African-American slaves helped build the fiscal grounds of the new nation (Slavery in America, 2014, p. 1). By the mid-1800s, the westward expansion, along with the abolition movement in theRead MoreSlavery Was The American Civil War1403 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery had an enormous impact economically and socially on America in the nineteenth century. First of all, producing and selling cotton affected America’s economy greatly. Secondly, slaves didn’t get paid any recurring fees like most citizens would have. Thirdly, the south was so deeply rooted in agriculture that it limited industrial growth which may have made more profit. Fourth, America’s economy was significantly influenced by the American Civil War, which was instigated because of slaveryRead MoreSlavery and the American Civil War Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery â€Å"War is at best barbarism†¦.Its glory is all moonshine†¦.War is hell. (Union General William Tecumseh Sherman) A wise quote by an even wiser man, The Civil War was agreed a â€Å"hell†. For four years (1862-1865) a war was fought between both Northern Union states and Southern Confederate states over the matter of slavery. During this time period many changes were happening in the United States; the election of an anti-slavery president, Southern states trying to secede to become their own independentRead MoreAmerican Antebellum Slavery And The Civil War1949 Words   |  8 Pagesleave out of consideration.† Two key terms to understand when talking about American antebellum slavery. One might put their soul at ease by the enduring thought that southern slaves were treated amicably; however, this is not the truth. Slave holders and their apologist alike wanted their fellow citizens to feel as though their slaves were conditioned to superior treatment and c onditions. Eliding that free black life and slavery were synonymous...This could not be portrayed more inaccurately. Ira BerlinRead MoreSouthern Slavery and the American Civil War Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pageschange in the American system of equality. They fought for the cause they believe in: no one should be excessively wealthier than another person, and every American should have equal economic opportunity. This movement spread throughout the country with people captivated by the exuberance that fills these protests. This same passion that continues to fill these protesters once filled every American. However, in this instance Americans had enthusiastic, but opposing viewpoints about slavery. The NorthRead MoreSlavery as the Cause of the American Civil War Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Civil War was the bloodiest military conflict in American history leaving over 500 thousand dead and over 300 thousand wounded (Roark 543-543). One might ask, what caused such internal tension within the most powerful nation in the world? During the nineteenth century, America was an infant nati on, but toppling the entire world with its social, political, and economic innovations. In addition, immigrants were migrating from their native land to live the American dream (Roark 405-407)Read MoreAbraham Lincoln, Slavery and the American Civil War Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pageswill analyze how Abraham Lincolns view on slavery reflected during and after the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. To analyze exactly how Lincolns position on slavery affected the war overall, this investigation looks at Lincolns moral and religious views as well as his social and political views. Two main sources were used, both dealing with events relevant to his political career and his roots in his career and other important issues including slavery. Lincoln by David Herbert Donald tells a

The Ocean Free Essays

Why do I do it? Why do I scare myself with the ocean†¦? It is true, it is merciless, literally; it’s not conscious, so it has no feelings, no remorse, no pity, no awareness. It would be wrong to say it is inanimate, because it is certainly animate. And not alive, yet contains so much life within it might as well be. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ocean or any similar topic only for you Order Now Like a Frankenstein body filled with cells and bacteria and nerve impulses yet no consciousness. My worst nightmare – I don’t have it very often but it’s a strong one – can take a variety of forms and happen in a variety of places: it’s being overwhelmed by a tsunami. I sat watching one of the biggest waves in the world – at Teahupoo – with my friend, a psychologist. I asked her what a psychologist would say that fear of a tsunami meant. â€Å"I dunno. Probably something to do with your mother. Normally is, eh? †. But I can’t help thinking I’m also just simply scared of death by drowning. Why then do I travel by freighter ship, why then do I want to sail across the ocean in a tiny sail boat? Funnily, the tsunami dream never occurs at sea. It’s always the shore that is inundated. With that wall of approaching death. But the sea still scares me. As well it should. It is the only sensible reaction to be cautious of such a beast. I keep on wishing to anthropomorphise it. Should I? Cautious, yes†¦ but scared? I’m trying to work out is my fear rational or irrational. Do I think the sea, the ocean, symbolises something, someone? Do I think something – like the tsunami – is coming to get me? Or someone? Or is it myself that’s haunting me? Even here on the bridge, of a vast freighter ship, 150 feet above the calm dark waters of the Pacific, I worry. I am outside, I hear a horn. Was that ours, I ask? The watchmen say no maybe it was the radio. It wasn’t a radio. I check the radar – nothing. I skip outside again this time with binoculars. Give me a man with binoculars over your electronic instruments. Or is it just my lack of faith? Faith in what? In technology? In buoyancy? In myself? Every time I stand at a railing I crouch slightly. I am secretly terrified that someone might come up behind me and just topple me in. Even during the day to drop off the side of this ship would be practically certain death. No doubt about it. You would be gone, gone, gone. No one would see. And by the time they noticed your absence at dinner they would never, ever find you. Maybe the worst thing is that I know the ocean could swallow this whole enormous ship and not care. Not even show a trace of where it had been. Two miles deep in a matter of hours. The first mate assures me, helpfully, that yes, that could happen. Sometimes, they break in two, he says. And sink in minutes. So helpful. Not what I expected or hoped for him to say. And maybe that’s another thing. That if you die in a car crash at least there’s a body. There’s something for your family to cry over, to mourn, there’s a proof that you existed. Die in the ocean and they’ll probably never find your body. Your life, and the physical proof of your existence, will both be gone at the same time. We like to think we would live on in other’s memories. But it would be nice to have a grave. And there’s no substitute for still existing. I never realised before: yes, I want to lie in a grave. I want to die in a bed, and then be put in a grave. An orchard, where I can turn into sweet apples. Don’t tell anyone. But here, I don’t belong. This is not where I came from. As beautiful as it is this place, under the moon, the light on the ocean (or is that glimmer some obstacle we are heading for a collision with? ) it is not our home. We are not returning to the ocean, because it’s not where we’re from. Our bodies know this. They are averse to the endless waters where we could be lost, forever, completely, and never nurture the lands of our home again. On the horizon there is lightning. We can see a long way here: we can see everything – so we see lightning striking on all sides. Far in the distance. Out here, this is the wilderness, the wildnerness that was always here, and always will be. So much the same, and yet it keeps changing. Yet never for the better – not for good. You can never truly know it, and never make it your home, not here; however good your bushcraft. On land, in the wilderness, you could find a cave, a tree, build a cabin, protect yourself from the elements. Former wildernesses are communities, pubs, shopping malls. But the sea will always be a wilderness. Simply enough to lay your nose and mouth in will kill you. Just imagine what a whole ocean of it could do. What if that lightning suddenly strikes, on all sides, the rain lashing down, the waves lapping up? Already every time a furniture fitting shudders I worry. I stop writing to judge our pitch, our roll, is everything okay? I think I’m becoming more like my mum. But what if that lightning animated the sea, struck, lit it up with its ferocious flash of energy and gave life to that unconscious Frankenstein body? It’s alive, and it’s all around us, it’s angry and wild and immense. The combination is overwhelming, impressive, and terrifying. It’s alive, it towers over you; it’s coming to get you. You wonder why it hasn’t got you already. What watery trickery these sailors have with their heavy keel, with their well-shaped hull: to cheat death and rob the sea of its would-be prize. But the sea doesn’t care. It is poised over you like a skyscraper, one that comes crashing down every few seconds. And it does that again. And again. And again. Every few seconds, on every side. For hours. And then it’s calm. And as quickly as the storm came it relinquishes you. After all, it doesn’t care, it’s not a man, an intellect, or a vengeance. It’s not your subconscious. It’s just a storm. And all that you have to protect yourself from it – all that I have to protect myself from it – is not luck or fate or talismans or wishes or even hopes or life plans or dreams. Nor technology nor skill nor discipline nor toil nor anything earned. Only yourself – only myself. Relying on myself, knowing myself, trusting, completely, myself, my mind, my body, my thoughts, my actions. And maybe that is why the ocean is so so scary. How to cite The Ocean, Papers

Power and Influence in Batman free essay sample

Thus, he has always been admired by citizens. The Joker –a psychopathic perpetrator desires to create social disorder, enjoys seeing chaotic situation in the city. Despite his psychological impairment, the Joker is highly intelligent in perpetration and his actions are carefully planned. He was nobody among criminal world until he kills one of the mob leaders. Since then, the Joker is powerful in the criminal underworld and later in the whole city – everyone is under his influence. Sources of Power Batman has his power from two personal sources, namely expert power and referent power. One has expert power if he or she possesses knowledge or skills. Batman is familiar with the operation in the criminal syndicate after he had travel around the world for several years, learning the various ways of the underworld. These enable him to become a vigilante expert. Referent power of Batman comes from his extraordinary charisma. In addition to excellent grappling skills, Wayne’s wealth provides Batman with advanced and unique costumes and accoutrements. Every time when there is a crime, Batman can successfully defeat criminals, creating an image of a superhero. Thus, Batman is admired and respected by numerous public. Some police officers like Harvey Dent and James Gordon, who do not corrupt, are also willing to cooperate with Batman. They form unofficial alliance with Batman to protect Gotham City from the criminal underworld. The Joker also, to a certain extent, has his expert power. His determination to destroy order has complete and perfect almost every action plan he made. He is so professional in committing crimes that others, even Batman, seem to be always under his control, following his plan to ruin the city. Thus, he can be said to be a perpetration profession. Besides, coercive power also makes the Joker so influential in the city. The Joker forces others including Batman, mobs and citizens to obey him by applying punishments – intimidating and killing. For example, he forced Batman to disclose his identity by continuously killing citizens and the mobs to cooperate with him by killing one of the mob leaders Gambol. Contingencies of Power The power of Batman and the Joker are affected by the four contingencies of power –substitutability, centrality, discretion and visibility. Both two low have substitutability of their power, which means that there are almost no other substitutes for them. Batman’s supernatural ability is not replaceable in safeguarding the city while it is also difficult for the mobs to find someone who is intelligent enough to kill Batman. Without Batman, citizens will be massacred by the Joker; without the Joker, the mobs will loss all their money under investigation of Batman and the police. Therefore, their actions highly affect the respective stakeholders’ interests. These lead to another inference – Batman and the Joker have high centrality of their power, which is the high degree and nature of interdependence between Batman and citizen and that between the Joker and the mobs. Conversely, Batman and the Joker have different discretion and visibility of their powers. The Joker has somehow higher discretion relative to Batman. That is the Joker has more freedom in making decisions without referring to specific rules or receiving permission from someone else. Batman fight against criminals in the city, he is a symbol of justice and peace. Thus, when it comes to the time when he confront the Joker or other criminals, he cannot kill them in case it is necessary to do so. However, the Joker is evil. He can achieve his goal unscrupulously, without worrying that if his behavior will set a bad model for others. On the other hand, Batman has high visibility of his power relative to the Joker before the Joker kills one of the mob leaders. Batman has been known and respected by citizens for his contribution in maintaining peace in the city. Another identity of Batman – Bruce Wayne also has a high visibility of his power. He is a billionaire with an extensive network among the rich. Thus, he can influence others to support Harvey Dent after realizing Harvey’s sincerity. On the contrary, the Joker had been ignored in the syndicate despite his intelligence. Therefore, when he first meets the mob leaders at the meeting, he is being despised as a simple psychopathic patient. The Joker become more powerful in the syndicate after he have kill the mob leader and in the city after he begins killing innocent citizens and challenge the law publicly, as all these increase his visibility to others. Influence Tactics used by the main characters Different influence tactics are used by Batman and the Joker when facing different people. For Batman, he influences police officers by silent authority. Although Batman does not have legitimate power, police officers who allied with him just cooperate with him by following his instructions in most scenarios without overt influence. This is due to Batman’s expert power and referent power in the city, so the police believe in Batman’s ability and sincerity for the city. Thus silent authority is applicable. When facing the Joker, Batman usually uses assertiveness – he tried to influence the Joker by threatening and confronting. For instance, when the joker has taken into custody, Batman tried to make him confess his plan by violence. When facing Two-face who is the dark side Harvey Dent, Batman tries to stop him from killing innocent people by encouraging him to forget animosity as Batman still believes Two-face is kindhearted inside. Here Batman has used a type of soft tactic influence, persuasion to influence Two-face as he used emotional appeal. For the Joker, obviously he always uses hard influence tactics, especially assertiveness in compliance with his cruelty. For example, he demands support from the mobs by killing and threatening in the meeting of the mob leaders. He also controls other confederates who rob the bank with him using information control – to manipulate others’ access to information by withholding, filtering and re-arranging information. The Joker does not disclose the whole plan of robbery to the confederates and his instructions to each confederate are different, so that he can manipulate the whole robbery by himself. He finally kills his partners one by one after he has finished his duty. Among the examples, there is one exception that the Joker uses soft influence tactic instead of hard one. When the Joker is being locked up and beaten by Batman in the custody, he keeps on tried to convince Batman that they are the same kind of people as they are being seen as weird creatures in citizens’ eyes. This is the rare time when the Joker uses persuasion to influence others.

Strategic Plan Nike Incorporation

Company Overview Nike, Inc. is a multinational corporation that was established in 1964. Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman founded the firm that was initially known as Blue Ribbon Sports. However, it changed its name to Nike Incorporation in 1971. Its head office is located at Beaverton, Oregon. Since its inception, Nike, Inc. has successfully penetrated the apparel and accessories industry.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Plan: Nike Incorporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firm specializes in designing, developing, and manufacturing apparel, footwear, and accessory products. Independent contractors, most of whom are located outside the US, produce its products. Nike primarily designs it products for athletic purposes. However, a significant proportion of its products are worn for leisure and casual reasons (Nike Incorporation, 2013). Currently, Nike, Inc. is renowned as the largest manufacturer and supplier of athletic shoes and sports equipment in the world. The firm distributes its products through independent distributors, retail accounts, and company-owned retail stores. The firm has also adopted the concept of online marketing. Nike’s success over the past decades has arisen from new product development and commitment towards marketing. Between 1990 and 1999, Nike extended its market reach by venturing into the sports industry. The firm started designing customized sports apparel for specific teams such as the Brazilian National Team and the United States men and female national soccer teams. Moreover, the firm adopted the concept of product endorsement by contracting sports celebrities. In 1995, Nike contracted Eldrick ‘Tiger’ Woods to be its marketing ambassador (Nike Incorporation, 2013). By the end of 2013, Nike had a human resource base of over 48,000 employees in all its stores that are located in different parts of the world. The firm consid ers human capital one of the most valuable aspects in achieving operational efficiency. Subsequently, the firm has nurtured an effective employee relationship. Mission Nike, Inc. intends to provide athletes around the world with innovative and inspiring products.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate Values Nike’s operations are based on a number of principles, which are commonly referred to as the 11 maxims as illustrated below. Competitiveness The firm ensures that all its operations are focused on sustaining its competitiveness in a market that is characterized by a high rate of change. It urges its employees to act like leaders while executing their responsibilities. Innovation The firm perceives innovation as the core component in achieving organizational competency. Profit maximization Nike, Inc. is a business. Subsequently, its operations are profit orient ed. Nike is a brand The firm is committed towards ensuring that its products achieve global market recognition. To achieve this goal, the firm is focusing on fostering brand recognition through effective brand management practices such as developing brand identity. Its ‘swoosh’ logo, which indicates speed, has gained remarkable market recognition around the world. The firm perceives its logo (‘swoosh’ symbol) as a mark of global leadership. Therefore, Nike only penetrates markets that it believes it can attain market leadership (Nike Incorporation, 2013). Simplify and go Nike specializes in designing and producing products that have short life cycles with regard to fashion and technology. Consequently, the firm appreciates the importance of effective decision making to attain market success.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Strategic Plan: Nike Incorporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mo re Customer focus Nike appreciates the complexity that is associated with meeting customers’ needs. Subsequently, the firm ensures that its products are aligned with such needs, tastes, and preferences. The firm considers customers one of its stakeholders. ‘Be a sponge’ The firm encourages its employees to be flexible in terms of executing their duties. Its commitment towards flexibility arises from recognition of the importance of listening to new ideas in its new and continuous product development processes. Evolve immediately Nike Incorporation focuses on positioning itself as the market leader in the sports apparel, footwear, and accessories market. Thus, the firm perceives change as a fundamental source of innovation. The firm’s broad product portfolio evidences its commitment towards innovation. Corporate responsibility Nike considers itself a global citizen. Thus, it adheres to social responsible business operations. Moreover, Nike, Inc. encourage s other stakeholders to observe the element of diversity, sustainability, transparency, and honesty in their operations. Mastering the fundamentals Nike views its ability to refine its current organizational performance as key component in its future success. Thus, the firm undertakes constant evaluation of its performance to identify the fundamental elements. Organizational culture Nike understands the significance of fostering a strong organizational culture to achieve long-term success. For example, the firm continues to uphold late Bill Bowerman’s values of innovation, understanding, and respecting customers’ needs. Products Nike focuses on producing seven main categories of the Brand Jordan and Nike Brand products. These categories include:Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Basketball Football Men’s Training Women’s Training Running Action Sports Nike Sportswear In addition to the above product categories, Nike designs different recreational and kids’ products. In an effort to develop a rich product portfolio, Nike, Inc. has diversified its product offering by designing goods for various sports such as lacrosse, wrestling, walking, tennis, outdoor activities, football, golf, baseball, and cricket (Nike Incorporation, 2013). In an effort to gain substantial market share, Nike, Inc. has appreciated the emergence of a trend whereby consumers are increasingly appreciating sports apparel and footwear as part of their casual and leisurewear. Currently, the firm’s running, basketball, Nike sportswear, soccer, and children’s products are the top-selling products. Nike projects this trend to be sustained in the future. SWOT Analysis Advantages Market recognition The firm has gained significant market recognition because of i ts effective brand management practices. For example, the adoption of the ‘swoosh’ as the firm’s trademark has made Nike one of the widely recognized companies in the world. Cost management Nike’s production processes are undertaken by independent factories, which are selected from the global market. The firm mainly outsources its production activities to low-cost companies that are mainly located in the emerging Asian economies such as China, Thailand, Taiwan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Because of outsourcing, Nike has succeeded in minimizing the cost of operation (Nike Incorporation, 2013). Competitiveness Nike has succeeded in fostering competitiveness in the global market. One of the sources of its competitiveness includes effective marketing. The firm has adopted effective marketing strategies, which have enhanced the rate of product penetration in the global market. For example, it has adopted product endorsement by superstar athlet es as one of its marketing strategies. Consequently, Nike has been able to enter diverse markets. Product research and development The firm considers research and development a fundamental element of achieving market success. Thus, the firm invests a substantial amount of resources in its market research processes. This plan has played a remarkable role in identifying the prevailing market trends. Additionally, investment in research and development enables Nike to align its products with the prevailing market needs. The firm’s research and development activities are undertaken by a qualified research and development team, which comprises experts in different areas such as chemistry, industrial design, exercise physiology, biomechanics, and engineers amongst other experts. The firm’s research and development activities are also undertaken in collaboration with experienced advisory boards and research committees. The committees comprise podiatrists, coaches, trainers, e quipment managers, and orthopedists. The collaboration between experts enables the firm to successfully identify areas of improvement. Therefore, the firm’s commitment towards research and development has significantly minimized injury amongst athletes whilst improving their performance. Corporate social responsibility A survey conducted to assess adherence to social responsible business practices in 2010 ranks Nike, Inc. 3rd amongst the most responsible firms in the world. The firm’s success in CSR is evidenced by its adoption of concepts of reducing, recycling, and re-using its products. Subsequently, the firm has been able to minimize environmental pollution. Weaknesses Labor practices Nike has extensively been criticized for its unlawful and unfair labor practices. First, the firm is criticized for contracting companies from Mexico, China, Indonesia, and Vietnam to undertake its production processes. The criticism arises from the contracted companies’ violat ion of the best labor practices such as adherence to minimum wage and paying employees’ overtime. For example, in 2011, the firm was accused of abusing its employees and paying them unfair wages in Indonesia (Taibi, 2013). In addition to the above issues, Nike is also criticized for its failure to curb child labor. Some of the countries in which Nike is accused of exploiting child labor in its production processes include Bangladesh and Pakistan. Working environment The firm has also been criticized for subjecting employees to unhealthy working environment. In 2001, the British Broadcasting Corporation released a documentary showing poor working conditions in a Cambodian factory that had been outsourced by Nike, Inc. The documentary showed that most of the employees worked for over 16 hours per day for seven days. Such practices adversely affected the firm’s image and sales. Opportunities The ability of an organization to attain competitive advantage is influenced by t he extent to which it exploits opportunities that are available in the business environment. Consequently, it is essential for organizations to undertake broad market research to identify viable business opportunities. Pearce and Robinson (2014) assert that market research enables an organization to identify new ideas and market gaps that it can exploit. Nike faces numerous opportunities that it can exploit in order to improve its competitiveness. Some of the opportunities are illustrated below. Product development Nike can achieve long-term success by investing in new and continuous product development. Despite the fact that Nike specializes in designing sports footwear and apparel, most of its customers do not participate in sports. Therefore, the firm can invest in new product development to satisfy the market demands. Nike has established adequate capacity in developing new products because of its well-experienced research and development team. Nike should also consider diversif ying its product portfolio by venturing into new market segments. One of the categories that the firm should consider includes the high-value products such as jewelries and sunglasses. High-value products enable organizations to maximize their profitability. Internationalization Most economies around the world have experienced significant economic growth, despite the recent global financial crisis. The economic growth has emanated from implementation of effective economic stimulus packages. Consequently, most households have experienced an increment in their purchasing power. Nike should consider exploiting the emerging market opportunities. However, it should undertake a comprehensive market research to identify the most viable market to enter. Some of the markets that the firm should consider include the emerging economies such as countries in the Gulf Region. By venturing into new markets, there is a high probability of Nike increasing its sales revenue and hence its profitabilit y. Marketing The sports apparel, footwear, and accessories market is experiencing significant transformation, which is evidenced by increment in the intensity of competition. Some of the firm’s core competitors include Addidas-Reebok, Under Armor, New Balance Athletic, Fila, and Puma. These firms have successfully penetrated the global sportswear market. However, Nike continues to be the market leader. To sustain its market, Nike should invest in aggressive marketing to nurture adequate brand recognition, especially in its new markets. One of the aspects that the firm should consider includes sports sponsorship and product endorsement. The firm should consider adopting the concept of product sponsorship and endorsement. Nike should identify different sports celebrities, prominent personalities, and sports team that it can include in its sponsorship and product endorsement processes. This plan will enable the firm to create sufficient awareness amongst diverse customer groups. Technology Nike should consider enhancing its competitiveness by investing in the emerging technologies in its production process. Leveraging on technology will enhance the firm’s ability to develop high quality and safe products. Consequently, the firm will be able to appeal a large number of potential customers. Threats Firms face different issues that might threaten their long-term competitiveness and survival. Thus, it is imperative for business leaders to be cognizant of the possible threats in their operations. Some of the core threats to Nike’s operations are evaluated below. Competition The firm’s competitiveness may be affected by increment in the intensity of competition within the athletic, equipment, and footwear industry. Some of the old industry players such as Addidas-Reebok, Li Ning, V.F Corp, and Puma have sustained their competitiveness. Moreover, newer companies such as Under Armor have gained significant market share, which was previously co ntrolled by Nike. The firm is also competing with different vertical retailers, for example Uniqlo and Lululmon. Currently, firms in the apparel industry are increasingly diversifying their product portfolio through product line extension. Additionally, the industry is experiencing an increment in the number of new entrants in an effort to exploit the available market opportunities. Change in consumer tastes Satisfying consumers’ demand is a complex undertaking that organizations encounter in their pursuit of competitiveness. The complexity arises from the fact that consumer tastes and preferences are subject to change. Therefore, rapid change in consumer tastes and preference is one of the major risks that the firm faces in its operation. Economic changes Occurrence of economic changes such as the recent global financial crisis and the sovereign debt crisis in the Euro Zone may pose a threat to the firm’s ability to maximize its profitability. Melicher and Norton (201 3) assert that such economic changes adversely affect consumers’ purchasing power because of economic uncertainty. Additionally, during such economic periods, consumers reduce their consumption expenditure. Subsequently, the firm may experience a reduction in its market share. Business objectives Nike, Inc. focuses on maximizing its shareholders’ wealth. To achieve this goal, Nike intends to achieve a substantial rate of market growth. In 2014, Nike announced its intention to increase its sales revenue to over US$36 billion by 2017. This goal represents a 42% increment in its sales revenue from US$ 25.31 billion fiscal revenue in 2013. Nike’s management team projects its sales to reach $30 billion during its 2015 fiscal year (Lulu, 2013). Nike also intends to continue developing unique and high quality sports apparel, footwear, and equipment to sustain its market dominance. According to the firm, achieving market dominance will enable it attain an optimal market position. In addition to the above objectives, Nike intends to sustain its annual capital expenditure within a range of 3%-4% of its total annual revenues (Saintvilus, 2014). Nike has managed to sustain its financial performance over the past years. For example, the firm’s net income between 2011 and 2013 increased from $ 2,172 million to $ 2,464 million. The chart below illustrates the trend in the firm’s financial performance. Amount in million $ 2013 2012 2011 Sales revenues 25,313 23,331 20,117 Cost of sales 14,279 13,183 10915 Gross profit 11,034 10,148 9,202 Demand creation expense 2,745 2,607 2,344 Operating overheads 5,035 4,458 4,017 Selling and administration expense 7,780 7,065 6,361 Earnings before tax 3,272 3,025 2,862 Tax expense 808 756 690 Effective tax rate 24.70% 25% 24.10% Net income 2,464 2,269 2,172 Source: (Nike Incorporation, 2013) Key strategies To achieve the above business objectives, it is critical for the fir m to formulate effective strategies. Some of the strategies that the firm’s management team should take into account are illustrated herein. Geographical market expansion The firm should consider expanding into the international market to maximize its sales revenue. Leveraging on emerging technologies Nike, Inc. should consider exploiting the marketing capabilities that are presented by the emerging web-based technologies. This move will enhance the firm’s ability to increase its customer base. Product quality Consumers are increasingly demanding quality and unique products in their consumption process. According to Yee and Sidek (2008), clients are progressively basing their brand loyalty decisions on product quality. This trend has arisen from the intensity of competition within the sportswear industry, which has significantly increased consumers’ choice whilst reducing the cost of switching to competing products. Strategy implementation Market expansion Nike intends to increase its sales revenue to US$36 billion. However, this goal can only be achieved if the firm increases its customer base. Subsequently, it is vital for the firm to invest in an aggressive internationalization strategy. The firm should consider entering the emerging markets in China and other countries in Eastern and Central Europe. Moreover, Nike should consider expanding into North America and Japan. Currently, these markets are experiencing a high rate of economic growth, which has arisen from their commitment towards economic transformation. Venturing into these markets will increase Nike’s likelihood of maximizing its sales revenue because of their high population growth rate (Leonard, 2014). Previously, Nike experienced challenges in its quest to market its products in the Chinese market because of the strong currency headwinds and/or the existence of inventory build-up. However, the firm is committed towards succeeding in the Chinese market by developing products that are aligned with the customer tastes and preferences. Apart from venturing into new markets, Nike should consider increasing its market reach by opening new stores in its existing markets. This strategy will improve product accessibility and hence the firm’s ability to increase its customer base (Pearce Robinson, 2014). In its market expansion efforts, the firm should consider contracting renowned sports athletes to endorse its products. Effective product endorsement will aid in establishing product authenticity, hence developing a high level of customer loyalty (Lussier Kimball, 2009). Product differentiation In its quest to succeed in the international market, Nike should consider investing in continuous and new product development to enhance the level of its product differentiation. However, the firm’s success in differentiating its products will depend on how well it understands market dynamics. Therefore, the firm will be required to undertake exte nsive competitor and consumer market research. In its competitor market research, Nike should focus on understanding its core competitors’ products in order to identify the prevailing gaps with regard to product quality. Yee and Sidek (2008) define product quality as product features and characteristics that lead to satisfaction of the consumers’ implied or stated needs. Consumers may switch to competition products if they perceive that they are not achieving the desired level of utility by consuming a particular brand. The consumer market research will enable the firm to understand consumer tastes and preferences towards sports apparel, equipment, and footwear. In the course of its operation, Nike recognizes that its success may be affected by the changing consumer tastes, which cannot be forecasted with a 100% degree of certainty (Nike Incorporation, 2013). One of the issues that the firm should take into account in its product development includes enhancing its prod ucts’ functional attributes. For example, the firm should ensure that its products are odor-resistant, durable, waterproof, lightweight, breathable, and anti-microbial. These aspects will enhance the functionality of its sportswear products. Subsequently, the firm will be able to undertake effective product design. In order to succeed in developing new products, Nike should consider expanding its brand by establishing new product categories. Some of the products that the firm should consider include jewelries. Venturing into new market segments will boost the firm’s sales revenues. E-commerce Consumers are increasingly using various web-based technologies in their purchasing process. This trend has emanated from the high rate of technological developments such as internet penetration. Morrison (2006) asserts, â€Å"the rapid adoption of digital technologies and evolving shopping behaviors are transforming e-commerce into an essential marketing element† (p.65). T herefore, Nike must consider investing in e-commerce to attract the emerging digital consumers. Currently, the firm has implemented the ‘Direct-to-Consumer’ strategy in an effort to reach a large number of consumers. Nike should consider improving its e-commerce capability by investing in effective online technologies. One of the issues that the firm should consider entails designing an online platform or applications that will enable it interact with its customers. Therefore, the firm will be able to gain adequate market intelligence, which can be utilized in building the brand. Egol, Rajagopalan, and Sayer (2012) confirm, â€Å"online direct-to-consumer sites are valuable tools for building stronger, more loyal consumer relationships, creating category growth, and when retailer consolidation is a concern, sustaining sales in the face of declining reach† (p.14). Additionally, the platform should provide customers with an opportunity to purchase goods online. Inv esting in e-commerce technologies will enhance the firm’s ability to customize its operations, hence developing a strong brand loyalty. Measurement and control Nike should formulate a comprehensive measurement and control plan. The measurement and control plan should take into account a number of issues. First, the firm should continuously evaluate its annual sales revenue to identify the trend. The analysis of the sales revenue should be undertaken geographically to determine the contribution of each geographic market that the firm has ventured into in relation to its overall sales revenue. Conducting geographical assessment will provide the firm with sufficient insight on whether it is adequately exploiting the market potential. Subsequently, the firm will be able to identify the prevailing market gaps and make the necessary adjustments in its marketing processes. In addition to the above aspects, Nike should evaluate the size of its customer base and market share to determ ine the likelihood of achieving the set objectives. By increasing its customer base, the firm will be able to maximize its sales revenue. Gaining additional market share will enhance its level of market dominance. Conclusion Nike has managed to achieve an optimal market position in the global sports apparel and footwear industry. Its success has arisen from its adoption of effective strategic management practices, which are aimed at maximizing the shareholders’ wealth and fostering a high level of customer satisfaction. One of the strategic management practices that the firm has considered in its operation entails effective brand management. The firm is committed towards positioning itself as one of the widely recognized brands in the sports apparel, footwear, and equipment market in order to maximize the shareholders’ wealth. However, the likelihood of achieving this goal will depend on the firm’s commitment in implementing effective strategic management practi ces. Some of the strategies that it should consider include investing in market expansion, product differentiation, and e-commerce. In its market expansion process, Nike should exploit opportunities that are available in the emerging economies in Europe and Asia. Examples of such economies include India and China. The firm should ensure that its products are optimally positioned in the global market through effective product differentiation. One of the ways through which the firm can achieve this goal is by investing in effective product research and design. Additionally, it should invest in the emerging web-based technologies such as e-commerce to exploit the emerging consumer trends. By leveraging on technology, Nike will be able to enhance its competitive advantage by developing a strong relationship with its customers. Any organization that wishes to remain on top of competition should devise strategies that will drive it towards realizing this objective. One of the strategies i s coming up with a team of experts whose role is to steer the organization’s marketing plan. As such, Nike should set aside a management team to carry out this task. Nike’s selected team should continuously evaluate its performance in the local and international market. Evaluation of international market performance should be undertaken geographically to determine its regional performance. Moreover, geographical evaluation will enable it formulate strategies that are specific to the respective markets, hence improving their effectiveness. Based on the expositions made in the paper, it is clear that Nike has made significant strides since its inception. However, based on the evident competition from the emerging companies in addition to the changing customer demands and preferences, the firm has to formulate techniques that will sustain its performance in the market. Reference List Egol, M., Rajagopalan, A., Sayer, A. (2012). E-commerce and consumer goods; a  Strateg y for omnichannell success. London: Sage. Leonard, K. (2014). Nike Incorporation announces target for FY17; revenues of $36  Billion.  Web. Lulu, U. (2013). Nike reveals 4-year growth plan.  Web. Lussier, R., Kimball, D. (2009). Applied sport management skills. New York, NY: Human Kinetics. Melicher, R., Norton, E. (2013). Introduction to finance; markets, investments, and  Financial management. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Morrison, J. (2006). International business environment: global and local  marketplaces in a changing world: the international business environment.  London: Palgrave Macmillan. Nike Incorporation. (2013). Form 10-K.  Web. Pearce, J., Robinson, R. (2014). Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Publishers. Saintvilus, R. (2014). Nike’s long term goals are better than anything kicked in the  world cup. Web. Taibi, C. (2013). Nike may dodge criticism of labor practices by cutting employees  in harsh working conditions. Web. Ye e, W., Sidek, Y. (2008). Influence of brand loyalty on consumers sportswear.  International Journal of Economics and Management, 2(2), 221-236. This report on Strategic Plan: Nike Incorporation was written and submitted by user Eleanor Rutledge to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

ApplyTexas Essay Sample Nigerian By Dr. Jeremy Pierce

ApplyTexas Essay Sample Nigerian By Dr. Jeremy PierceIn this article, I'll be discussing a great article from the ApplyTexas Essay Sample Nigeria Nigerian Textbook by Dr. Jeremy Pierce on writing well. The topics discussed in this book include sentence structure, sentence completion, and word choice.The first thing that you should do when composing a paper is to know what the topic is and it is not an easy thing to figure out. Most people know what their topic is but do not know how to write a well-written paper. You will want to know that your topic will stand out on the paper.When you decide on your main topic, you are going to want to sit down and list all of the topic points that you feel are necessary. Once you have done this, it is very important that you actually think about each of the points that you have listed. You want to look at your points in a different light than you might do normally. There is a good chance that you may have overlooked something and you want to bring it up to make sure. This is the best way to go about figuring out how to write a well-written paper.Once you have figured out what your topic is, it is time to move on to your sentences. Writing the first paragraph of your essay is going to help with this part. This first paragraph needs to contain the main information that you want to get across to your reader. You need to begin the paragraph with a unique perspective that will help to make your point, and is going to build the thesis of your essay. You should follow this up with a strong conclusion that states who you are as a person and the point that you are trying to make.This next part of the essay will come from your sentence completion. When completing a sentence in your essay, you need to make sure that it makes sense and comes across like a short story. You should use all of the words that you feel are necessary to get the point across to your reader.Next, you want to ensure that your sentence completes properly. This is the key to any great essay. You need to make sure that the sentence comes together in a smooth manner. If you do not catch this, then you will find that you have missed a lot of points in your essay. Use a dictionary and take a look at the definition of the words you are using to make sure that the sentences you are putting together add up to make a well-written piece.Speaking of dictionary, the grammar section is also a very important part of writing an essay. In the section, you want to make sure that you are studying up on grammar rules and how they can be applied to your essay. This is a very important part of essay writing and should be considered in advance.This is a great place to start if you are looking for information on how to write a great Texas Essay Sample Nigerian or other type of essay. You will be able to find all the information that you need and more on the website for ApplyTexas Essay Sample Nigerian by Dr. Jeremy Pierce. Go ahead and check it out now!

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